User authentication and authorization client example

See User authorizations for information on using SQL authorization, which allows you to use ANSI SQL Standard GRANT and REVOKE statements.

The first program, AuthExampleClient1.java, does the following:

1. Creates a database named jdbcDemoDB, using the client driver.
2. Sets database properties that create users with different levels of access (read-only and full access), require authentication, and set the default access level to no access.
3. Closes the connection.

The second program, AuthExampleClient2.java, does the following:

1. Tries to connect to the database without a username and password, raising an exception.
2. Connects to the database as a user with read-only access; the connection succeeds, but an attempt to create a table raises an exception.
3. Connects to the database as a user with full access; this user can create and populate a table.
4. Removes the table, then turns off authentication and removes the users.
5. Closes the connection.

Make sure that the javac command is in your path, then compile the programs as follows:

javac AuthExampleClient1.java

javac AuthExampleClient2.java

Before you run the programs, make sure that %DERBY_HOME%\lib\derbyclient.jar (or $DERBY_HOME/lib/derbyclient.jar) is in your classpath. Then start the Derby Network Server as described in "Activity 4: Create and run a JDBC program using the client driver and Network Server" in Getting Started with Derby. Run the programs as follows:

java AuthExampleClient1

java AuthExampleClient2

import java.sql.*;

public class AuthExampleClient1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver";
        String dbName="jdbcDemoDB";
        String connectionURL = "jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/" + dbName +
            ";create=true";
        Connection conn = null;

        // Load the driver
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
            System.out.println(driver + " loaded.");
        } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.err.print("ClassNotFoundException: ");
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.out.println("\n Make sure your CLASSPATH variable " +
                "contains %DERBY_HOME%\\lib\\derby.jar (${DERBY_HOME}/lib/derby.jar). \n");
        }

        // Start the database and set up users, then close connection
        try {
            System.out.println("Trying to connect to " + connectionURL);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL);
            System.out.println("Connected to database " + connectionURL);

            turnOnBuiltInUsers(conn);

            // shut down the database
            conn.close();
            System.out.println("Closed connection");

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            errorPrint(e);
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Turn on built-in user authentication and user authorization.
     *
     * @param conn a connection to the database.
     */
    public static void turnOnBuiltInUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        System.out.println("Turning on authentication.");
        Statement s = conn.createStatement();

        // Setting and Confirming requireAuthentication
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.connection.requireAuthentication', 'true')");
        ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.connection.requireAuthentication')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of requireAuthentication is " +
            rs.getString(1));
        // Setting authentication scheme to Derby
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.authentication.provider', 'BUILTIN')");

        // Creating some sample users
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.sa', 'ajaxj3x9')");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.guest', 'java5w6x')");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.mary', 'little7xylamb')");

        // Setting default connection mode to no access
        // (user authorization)
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.defaultConnectionMode', 'noAccess')");
        // Confirming default connection mode
        rs = s.executeQuery (
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.defaultConnectionMode')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of defaultConnectionMode is " +
            rs.getString(1));

        // Defining read-write users
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.fullAccessUsers', 'sa,mary')");

        // Defining read-only users
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.readOnlyAccessUsers', 'guest')");

        // Confirming full-access users
        rs = s.executeQuery(
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.fullAccessUsers')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of fullAccessUsers is " + rs.getString(1));

        // Confirming read-only users
        rs = s.executeQuery(
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.readOnlyAccessUsers')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of readOnlyAccessUsers is " +
            rs.getString(1));

        // We would set the following property to TRUE only
        // when we were ready to deploy.
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.propertiesOnly', 'false')");
        s.close();
    }

    /** Exception reporting methods
     *   with special handling of SQLExceptions
     */
    static void errorPrint(Throwable e) {
        if (e instanceof SQLException)
            SQLExceptionPrint((SQLException)e);
        else {
            System.out.println("A non-SQL error occurred.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }  // END errorPrint

    //  Iterates through a stack of SQLExceptions
    static void SQLExceptionPrint(SQLException sqle) {
        while (sqle != null) {
            System.out.println("\n---SQLException Caught---\n");
            System.out.println("SQLState:   " + (sqle).getSQLState());
            System.out.println("Severity: " + (sqle).getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Message:  " + (sqle).getMessage());
            sqle.printStackTrace();
            sqle = sqle.getNextException();
        }
    }  //  END SQLExceptionPrint
}

import java.sql.*;

public class AuthExampleClient2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver";
        String dbName="jdbcDemoDB";
        String connectionURL = "jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/" + dbName;
        Connection conn = null;

        // Restart database and confirm that unauthorized users cannot
        //  access it

        // Load the driver
        try {
            Class.forName(driver).newInstance();
            System.out.println(driver + " loaded.");
        } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.err.print("ClassNotFoundException: ");
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.out.println("\n Make sure your CLASSPATH variable " +
                "contains %DERBY_HOME%\\lib\\derby.jar (${DERBY_HOME}/lib/derby.jar). \n");
        } catch (Exception ee) {
            errorPrint(ee);
        }

        // Try to log in with no username or password
        try {
            // this should fail
            System.out.println("Trying to connect to " + connectionURL +
                " without username or password");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL);
            System.out.println("Connected to database " + dbName);

            // if it doesn't, close statement and connection
            conn.close();
            System.out.println("Closed connection");
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            errorPrint(e);
        }

        // Log in as a user with read-only access
        try {
            // connection should succeed, but create table should fail
            String newURL = connectionURL + ";user=guest;password=java5w6x";
            System.out.println("Trying to connect to " + newURL);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(newURL);
            System.out.println("Connected to database " + dbName +
                " with read-only access");

            Statement s = conn.createStatement();
            s.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE t1(C1 VARCHAR(6))");

            // if it doesn't, close statement and connection
            s.close();
            conn.close();
            System.out.println("Closed connection");
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            errorPrint(e);
        }

        // Log in as a user with full access
        // Create, update, and query table
        try {
            // this should succeed
            String newURL = connectionURL + ";user=mary;password=little7xylamb";
            System.out.println("Trying to connect to " + newURL);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(newURL);
            System.out.println("Connected to database " + dbName);

            Statement s = conn.createStatement();
            s.executeUpdate("CREATE TABLE T1(C1 VARCHAR(6))");
            System.out.println("Created table T1");
            s.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO T1 VALUES('hello')");

            ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM T1");
            rs.next();
            System.out.println("Value of T1/C1 is " + rs.getString(1));

            s.close();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            errorPrint(e);
        }

        // Remove table, then remove users previously created
        // If you don't remove the table, you will never be able to find it,
        //  because it was created by a user who no longer exists and with a
        //  default connection mode of noAccess
        try {
            Statement s = conn.createStatement();
            s.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE T1");
            System.out.println("Removed table T1");
            s.close();

            turnOffBuiltInUsers(conn);

            conn.close();
            System.out.println("Closed connection");
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            errorPrint(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Turn off built-in user authentication and user authorization.
     *
     * @param conn a connection to the database.
     */
    public static void turnOffBuiltInUsers (Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        Statement s = conn.createStatement();
        System.out.println("Turning off authentication.");

        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.connection.requireAuthentication', 'false')");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.authentication.provider', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.sa', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.guest', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.user.mary', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.defaultConnectionMode', 'fullAccess')");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.fullAccessUsers', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.readOnlyAccessUsers', null)");
        s.executeUpdate("CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_SET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.propertiesOnly', 'false')");

        // Confirming requireAuthentication
        ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.connection.requireAuthentication')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of requireAuthentication is " +
            rs.getString(1));

        // Confirming default connection mode
        rs = s.executeQuery(
            "VALUES SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_GET_DATABASE_PROPERTY(" +
            "'derby.database.defaultConnectionMode')");
        rs.next();
        System.out.println("Value of defaultConnectionMode is " +
            rs.getString(1));
        System.out.println("Turned off all the user-related properties");
        s.close();
    }

    /** Exception reporting methods
     *   with special handling of SQLExceptions
     */
    static void errorPrint(Throwable e) {
        if (e instanceof SQLException)
            SQLExceptionPrint((SQLException)e);
        else {
            System.out.println("A non-SQL error occurred.");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }  // END errorPrint

    //  Iterates through a stack of SQLExceptions
    static void SQLExceptionPrint(SQLException sqle) {
        while (sqle != null) {
            System.out.println("\n---SQLException Caught---\n");
            System.out.println("SQLState:   " + (sqle).getSQLState());
            System.out.println("Severity: " + (sqle).getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Message:  " + (sqle).getMessage());
            sqle.printStackTrace();
            sqle = sqle.getNextException();
        }
    }  //  END SQLExceptionPrint
}